Increased frequency of exposure to extreme climatic events affects the subsequent response in plant.Priming or hardening with a previous abiotic stress endows plant with higher tolerance to future stresses.However,process of seed priming or plant hardening (acclimation) and further mechanism of cross stress memory were still unclear.Recent studies have made a large improvement in descripting how to deal with repeated climate extremes in plant.Here,we introduced the concept of plant hardening and seed priming and summarized the recent development in studies on plant hardening.Mechanisms of cross-talk in abiotic stress tolerance and memory were also further discussed.