This study aims at investigating the characteristics of the precipitation and moisture transport in Northwestern China and Central Asia.Results manifest that the mid-and southern part of Central Asia should belongs to Mediterranean climate region and regarded as the Central Asia regime.While the climate type of the zone from the northern Central Asia throughout northwestern China dryland belongs to the westerly regime that is controlled by mid-latitude westerly with small precipitation variance.A seesaw-like relationship exists between the precipitations and moisture transports in Central Asia and East Asia,for instance,there is a dry-hot climate in Central and northwestern China,whereas a wet-warm monsoon prevails in East Asia during warm season.These contrast climate characters are coupled with different moisture transport patterns,i.e.,the summer monsoon transport a great quantity of water vapor northward leading to moisture convergence that intensifies rainfall in East Asian warm season and,by contrary,southward moisture transport becomes dominant with moisture divergence in Central Asia resulting in a hot climate with little rainfall.They reverse course in cold season.In addition,there is a persistent transient eddy moisture transport(TEMT)divergence in the westerly regime zone,in contrary to the Central Asia regime that is of a persistent TEMT convergence with season.The distinct characteristics of climates imply different mechanisms in paleoclimate formations in the two climate regime regions,which seems resulted from the uplift of orography and the plate motion in remote geological epochs.