基于机-磁-电耦合的感应电机转子系统动态特性研究

来源 :第十六届全国非线性振动暨第十三届全国非线性动力学和运动稳定性学术会议 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:yangyng
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  有限元方法(Finite element modeling,FEM)能够分析各种电磁耦合系统,具有精度高、适应性好等突出优点.由于建模、分析、求解的复杂性,采用FEM分析电机系统动态特性较为困难.与有限元方法相比,磁等效电路方法(Magnetic equivalent circuit,MEC)能够以较小的计算代价分析较为复杂的电磁耦合系统,近年来受到越来越多学者的重视.但是现有MEC模型中仅考虑转子的瞬态扭转运动,并未考虑因转子偏心引起的横向振动.事实上,由于制造安装误差、使用磨损、轴承间隙等因素,转子偏心是不可避免的.转子偏心引起横向振动,使得定/转子之间的气隙是非均匀的,进而影响电机内部磁场分布和动态特性.而气隙分布的不均匀,会在转子径向方向产生不平衡磁拉力(Unbalanced magnetic pull,UMP),进而加剧转子的横向振动.因此,转子横向机械振动与电机动态电磁场之间存在强耦合作用,需要同时考虑二者的耦合机制.因此,本文开展了考虑转子横向振动和瞬态扭转运动的感应电机转子系统机-磁-电耦合动力学特性研究:首先采用等效磁网络来近似表征电机内部电磁场,分别推导网络节点的磁势方程、磁链方程、磁链微分方程和转子振动方程;基于等效原理,表征了因转子横向振动引起的非均匀气隙.通过组集各个节点方程,得到整个电机转子系统的机磁耦合MEC模型,该模型采用一组非线性代数微分方程组(a series of coupled nonlinear algebraic and differential equations,NADEs)描述.因考虑磁饱和(Magnetic saturation)、定/转子齿的空间谐波、定子绕组的空间分布特性、非线性气隙磁导等复杂因素,提出了一种迭代数值积分方法用于求解NADEs.进而,针对典型的鼠笼感应电机系统,分别通过FE分析和实验测试手段验证所提出的机磁耦合MEC模型.在此基础上,分别讨论了转子静不平衡量和动不平衡量对电机转子系统动态特性的影响规律.最后,给出本文的结论和今后研究的方向.
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