Based on new economic growth model and extending Solow model,this research employs panel data from 1978 t0 2011,ML index and HCL model to decompose grain economic growth element of each province into four parts and discuss the effect of each part on China grain economic growth.This research finds out the element of China grain economic growth can be decomposed into technology progress,human capital,driving inputs and technology efficiency,the difference of human capital accumulative values is a important reason for the difference of grain economic growth accumulative values,technology progress is gradually replacing human capital and material inputs to achieve grain economic development,and the functions of each input between grain functional areas is different in different period.On the whole,technology progress and human capital has played a important role in facilitating China grain economic growth since 1978.