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一、前言核电作为一种重要的能源,目前已占全世界发电量的13％以上。但现在所采用的热中子反应堆对铀资源的利用率非常低,估计全世界可在合理价格下获得的铀资源大约总共只有1～2千万吨。因此假若基于目前的技术(热中子堆,一次利用模式),核能只能作为一种短期的能源,因为估计铀资源仅够再用30～50年。快中子增殖堆(FBR)可以有效地把天然存在的增殖性同位素~(238)U和~(232)Th转变为易裂变同位素~(239)Pu和~(233)U。
I. Introduction Nuclear power as an important source of energy now accounts for more than 13% of the world’s electricity generation. However, the utilization of uranium resources by thermal neutron reactors is very low now. It is estimated that about 1 to 20 million tons of uranium resources can be obtained at reasonable prices in the world. Therefore, given the current technology (thermal neutron reactor, once-use mode), nuclear energy can only serve as a short-term energy source because uranium resources are estimated to be only enough for another 30 to 50 years. Fast breeder reactor (FBR) can effectively convert the naturally occurring proliferating isotopes 238 U and 232 Th into fissile isotope 239 Pu and 233 U.