After the World War Ⅱ, normal schools were reorganized into four-year teacher education progams at regular universities and teacher education was carried out based on the licensing law.Teachers have kept considerably high economic and social status in Japan.A part of the reason for this is that (1) the preparation of primary school teachers was carried out mostly at the national universities (prestigious), and (2) teachers salary was high to attract capable youth to teaching profession and allow teachers to concentrate on teaching.