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宋代路级监司包括转运司、提点刑狱司、提举常平司。它们具有“在司”与“巡历”两种工作方式,对州县司法审判负有主要监督管理职责。这其中包括对州县案件审理进度的催督,对司法官吏审理案件中职务犯罪行为的按劾,对冤假错案的纠举,以及对州县狱政情况的定期检查。特别值得一提的是,宋代首创提点刑狱司作为路级专门司法、检查机构,从神宗元丰时期以后,中央政府赋予路级提刑司对州县无疑难死刑案件的复核裁定权,更体现出其作为一路最为重要的司法、监察机构的特殊地位。宋代监司对于州县司法审判的监督与复核,使州县违法舞弊,错判滥杀的现象得到一定的遏制,保障人民生命财产的安全,体现出宋代司法文明的进步和人文关怀。
Road-level supervision of the Song Dynasty, including transhipment Division, mentioned the Department of Prisoners, the Secretary Chang Ping Division. They have two working methods: “Secretary” and “Tour”, and they have the primary responsibility of supervising and administering judiciary in prefectures and counties. This includes the supervision of the progress of court cases in the counties, judgments of judicial officials on job-related criminal offenses in cases, the enumeration of unjustly wrongful and wrong cases, and the regular inspection of the state prison affairs. Particularly worth mentioning is that the Song Dynasty first proposed the Department of Prisoners Prisoners as a road-level specialized judicial and inspection agencies, from the Emperor Shenzong Yuen Fung period, the Central Government grants the rank and file to the penalties for the state no doubt death penalty case review and determination, But also embodies its special status as the most important judicial and supervisory body. In the Song Dynasty, the supervising and reviewing of the judiciary in prefectures and cities gave the prefectures and prefectures a certain measure of curbing illegal and fraudulent misconduct and indiscriminate killing, ensuring the safety of people’s lives and property, and demonstrating the progress and humane care of the judicial civilization in the Song Dynasty.