The biotransformation rate of nitroaromatics under anaerobic conditions can be improved by the addition of quinonoid mediators.However,continuous dosing and discharge of some biologically recalcitrant quinoids will result in the secondary contamination.In present study,the performance and mechanism of the combination of Shewanella species and anthraquinone-2-sulfonate-modified polyurethane foam(Shewanella/AQS-PUF) in anaerobic treatment of 2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-DNT)was investigated.