The aim of this paper was to present the preliminary study on the role of biogas as a livestock waste technology in supporting mixed crop and livestock farmingwith specific emphasize on the effects of on farm biogas technology adoption among smallholder farmers.A cross sectional survey approachhas been applied to collect data from farm households in the province of Yogyakarta,Indonesia.We surveyed 312 farmers that consisted of 165 biogas adopters and 147 non-adopters in 2013.By using propensity score matching techniques,the study employed treatment effects analysis according to the Nearest NeighborMatching(NNM),Radius,and Kernel matching to measure the benefits of adopting biogas technology.Farmers who adopted the biogas technology gained benefitsfrom decreasesin crop expenses and increasesin the livestock income.Furthermore,the results show that farmerswho had adopted biogas utilize the biogas production residue as a fertilizerto substitute for chemical fertilizers in order to reduce crop expenses.Another result indicates that there is a reallocation of labor from cropto livestock production.However,the study failed to reveal the impact of biogas towards the household energy expenses.Together the results confirm that biogas may be an important technology to obtain synergiesamongcrop farming,livestock,and householdin terms of mixed crop and livestock farming at the farm household level.