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人口是社会要素之一,对社会发展有重要影响。人口生产与物质生产保持谐调,是社会稳定和发展的基础条件。人口生产与物质生产不谐调,一般有两种表现,即人口缺乏和人口过剩。近代以来,世界范围内人口过剩的趋向逐渐明显,造成一些社会问题,引起一些学者的关注。1798年,英国经济学家马尔萨斯发表《人口论》一书指出:人口是按几何级数增长的,快于物质生产的增长,因此必须控制人口增长,以缓和社会矛盾。马尔萨斯提出控制人
The population is one of the social elements and has a significant impact on social development. Maintaining harmony between population production and material production is the basic condition for social stability and development. There are two general manifestations of the disharmony between population production and material production, namely, population shortage and overpopulation. Since the modern era, the trend of overpopulation in the world has gradually become obvious, causing some social problems and arousing the concern of some scholars. In 1798, the British economist Malthus published the book Population Theory, stating that the population is growing geometrically and faster than the growth of material production, so population growth must be controlled to ease social conflicts. Malthus proposed control