Pine moths (Lepidoptera;Bombycoidea;Lasiocampidae: Dendrolimus spp.) are among the most serious pest insect groups of forests, especially in southern China.Although COI barcodes (a standardized portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) can distinguish some members of this genus, the evolutionary relationship of the three morphospecies Dendrolimus punctatus,D.tabulaeformis and D.spectabilis has remained largely unresolved.