Ethnopharmacological relevance: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), leading to dire consequences, is a serious and fatal disease in clinic.Danhong injection (DHI), one of the most popular medications for coronary heart disease and cerebral ischemia, plays pharmacological actions through inhibiting local inflammation.Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory effect of DHI has not been reported before and has not been fully clarified.Aim of the study: In this study, a model of systemic acute inflammatory reaction was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate whether DHI could he applied to SIR5 through the anti-inflammatory Material and methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of DHI in vivo was evaluated in ICR mice pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LPS (1 mg/kg) and the serum, liver and kidney were collected.Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the mRNA expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), IL-6, interleukin (IL)-1β, MCP-1 in mice liver and kidney were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR).Meanwhile, Proteome profiler array was used to screen the acute phase proteins, cytokines and chemokines activated in the acute inflammation.7he inflammatory model of macrophages stimulated by LPS (0.2 μg/mL) was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHI in vitro.The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by the Griess reagent system.The productions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 were detected using EUSA, and the protein expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was determined by cell-based EUSA.As well, the mRNA expressions of these inflammatory factors were detected by real-time RT-PCR.Results: DHI could attenuate the inflammatory reaction via decreasing 20 cytokines and acute phase proteins analyzed by Proteome profile array in serum.The secretions of IL-6.TNF-α and MCP-1 in serum were coincidence with the result of Proteome profile array.Meanwhile.the mR NA expressions of iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1 in mice liver and kidney were significantly reduced by DHI.Experiments performed in vitro further revealed that the productions of NO.PGE2 and the mRNA expressions of iNOS.COX-2 were notably inhibited by DHL Cell-based EUSA revealed that the COX-2 protein expression was diminished by DHI.The results of ELISA demonstrated that DHI significantly down-regulated the protein productions of IL-6 and MCP-1.Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α.IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 analyzed by real-time RT-PCR were suppressed by DHI.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that DHI exerts the protective effect through inhibiting the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, which elucidate that DHI may be a strongly multi-target Chinese medicine injection on improving the inflammatory diseases.