Development process of Large-scale management in Japanese Agriculture

来源 :第4届中日韩地理学家学术研讨会暨第12次全国青年地理工作者学术研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:ZHANQIWEI
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  The cultivation of 「ninaite」,leading farmers,is raised as one of the contemporary problems in Japanese agricultural policies.The ninaite policies have consistently intended that large-scale managements with the emphasis on economic efficiency become dominant.As a result,actors with high labor efficiency are feasibly formed to provide food at a cheap price.1961 Basic Agricultural Law,for instance,tried to raise farm households to be an ideal farm management which can attain the income balance with workers in other industries.Agricultural households decreased as the rapid economic growth increased labor demand and absorbed surplus agricultural labor.For this reason,the law aimed to enlarge the scale of remaining farmers and increase their agricultural productivity.Also,in recent years,the reform of agrarian structure is contemplated to consolidate 80% of rice production to farm management bodies.In a concrete sense,in case of rice monoculture,individual management bodies of 10-20 hectare scale and organizational bodies spanning multiple old agricultural village areas are indicated as an image of an ideal management.Furthermore,from 1999,the new basic law regards “efficient and stable managements” as a target to nourish.To intensify the progress of incorporation is included as a part of policies.The corporations are categorized as managements except farm households.Regional development of these large-scale managements and their attainment are the problem positioned to clarify the degree and process to direct agriculture toward industry as a result of the enlargement of individual managements.In many cases to the present,it is common that high-ranked farm households and large-scale management bodies are analyzed by scale.However,these days,because the types of actors to shoulder Japanese agriculture are various,the trend of large-scale managements cannot utterly reflect that of ninaite.Therefore,by discussing the rank classification of agricultural product sale,this study clarifies regional development of large-scale management bodies (ninaite) and their current position.Especially,to get closer to reality,this study analyzes only farm households with more than 10,000,000 yen of agricultural sale.They are only selected to confirm the management situation of farm households with more than 80,000,000 yen,which is the current income limit to farm.However,to conduct the analysis in terms of agricultural sale,we need to be aware of the following limitations.First,through years,we can understand farmers with agricultural sale of more than 10,000,000 yen as a large-scale management.Although the income limit to farm changes each year,the rank classification is conducted by the same classes.Second,managements with different characteristics are counted as large-scale managements regardless of the income rate of each agricultural sector.In spite of these,most characteristics can be understood.As a result,this presentation intends to regional development of large-scale managements and their characteristics in Japanese agriculture.As a concrete problem,this study places agricultural sale as a primary dependent variable to analyze the interrelation with sectors,regions,management organization types,and cultivable land.In addition,the trend of incorporation is analyzed.This is a recently mentioned issue.Especially,Sasaki (2009) analyzed the change of agricultural regions in the Tohoku region under the rice price decline after 1995.This study’s main objective is to clarify the existence form of hitherto-expected large-scale managements as it focuses management organizations.
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