The use of Lithium Titanium Oxide Anodes for Long-Life and High-Power Lithium-ion Automotive and Sta

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  During the last decade,Lithium-ion batteries with lithium titanium oxide (LTO) anodes have been developed for automotive and stationary power applications.A wide design space of power vs.energy has been demonstrated for enabling applications requiringhigh charge/discharge rates,long cycle life,and broad operating temperature range.In 2009,a high power Nano-Li4Ti5O12 based battery for HEV application was introduced that was capable of a high output power density of 4500 W/kg for a 10 s pulse and 93% capacity retention at 40C.Prototype 2.5Ah analogs of this cell design were capable of 90%capacity retention at 80C discharge rate.In another product example,the high performance attributes of LTO cells have been exploited to design a 5Ah LTO prismatic pouch cells for the growing 12V and 48V stop-start micro-hybrid vehicle market.Currently in production and commercial use are 60 Ah LTO/NCM cells with a nominal specific energy of 79 Wh/kg and specific charge power ≥ 2000 Wh/kg.These Energy Cells are capable of;a long cycle life of 32,000 + cycles,20+ year calendar life,operating temperature range of-40℃ to +60℃,and a maximum pulse discharge current of 600A.These excellent performance characteristics of this large format cell have gteat application in both electric vehicle (EV,ebus) and stationary power applications.
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