The meaning of the term efficiency is variously identified according to the aim to which the efficiency is addressed.According to H.T.Odum,"self-organization systems select network connections that feed back transformed energy to increase inflow of resources or to use them more efficiently" (maximum power principle).This is also the guiding principle of the Circular Economy (CE) aiming at reducing both inflows,in the form of resources (material and energy),and outflows,in the form of waste and emissions.Energy efficiency and efficient material management can be seen as two sides of the same coin,falling under the common umbrella of circular economy framework.The two efficiencies do not exclude each other but,in spite of their "com-possibility",are evidently not equivalent.Reducing the energy consumption and preventing products from becoming waste underpin to close the loop,transform the whole production system,adapt consumption to actual needs and prevent unnecessary resource and energy use.