Background: Cellular protein abundance is widely regulated in various levels, including transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation modifications.From a coevolutionary viewpoint, the nature of protein may inversely affect its expression level in cell.Methods: Using the 544 features of amino acid from the amino acid index database, the tRNA adaptation index of gene (tAIg) and protein abundance of S.cerevisiae from the protein abundance across organisms database, we analyze the spcarman correlation and partial correlation when controlling the tAIg of protein between the amino acid features and protein abundance.Results: We found that there is an unexpected significant correlation between some amino acid properties and protein abundance.For example, the spearman correlation coefficient between distribution of amino acid residues in the 18 non-redundant families of thermophilic proteins and protein abundance is 0.49 (p-value < 2.2e-16, n=4612).These correlated features cover the distribution, composition of amino acid residues, factors related with protein structure, such as sequence frequency, side chain torsion angle phi(AAAR) and alpha-CH chemical shifts.Accordingly, we proposed there is a co-evolutionary feedback effect of amino acid properties, especially the composition and structure-related, on the abundance of proteins.The properties of proteins not only play a considerable role in their function, but also bridge and shape protein expression levels to their functions in the long evolutionary progress.Conclusions: In summary, these findings suggest that adaptive evolution event between protein abundance in cell and protein properties indeed occurred and reveal the complex of regulation of cellular protein levels.This may make us better understand the process of protein synthesis .