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Objective: To compare the cerebrovascular structure and brain volume in beagle and mongrel dogs.Animals: 20 Beagle and 20 mongrel dogs.Procedures: Angiography and MR imaging were obtained for each dog.Diameters of left internal carotid artery (ICA),anterior cerebral artery (ACA),middle cerebral artery (MCA),the most major anastomosis between ICA and ECA,basilar artery (BA) and the length of M1 segment of left MCA were measured.Dominant brain blood supply and complement blood supply through the anastomosis were evaluated.Calculation of brain volume was obtained from T2-weighted images.Results: The cerebrovascular architectures of all dogs were imaged clearly and morphology of both groups was similar with that of humans.Interestingly,mongrel dogs had remarkable larger anastomosis,higher complement score and smaller brain volume when compared with beagle dogs.In contrast,the other cerebrovascular measurement parameters remained unchanged between these two groups.Concomitantly,neither cerebrovascular parameter nor brain volume was significantly correlated with body weight in each group.The findings also demonstrated that the cerebrovascular structure and brain volume in all dogs were suitable for routine radiological methodology.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: All dogs have similar anatomical cerebrovascular and brain structure with humans.The relatively large cerebral vessels and brain volume of dogs permitted routine interventional radiology approach and assessment with non-animal special equipments.Results indicated that both kinds of dogs should be suitable for creating cerebral ischemic models and subsequent studies.