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目的 Pneumoniaisthemostcommoncauseofdeathrelatedtoinfectiousdisease.Escherichiacoli,StaphylococcusaureusandPseudomonasaeruginosarepresentthemostfrequentpathogensinnosocomialpneumonia.Targetedtherapyisessentialtoimproveoutcomeofpatientswithpneumonia.However,pathogendiagnosisofnosocomialpneumoniaislowyielding,oftenrequiresinvasiveandtime-consumingmethods,suchasbronchoscopyfollowedbyculturingdiscrimination.