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BACKGROUND Emphysematous change on computed tomography (CT) during the stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is reported to correlate with prognosis of COPD.Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is associated with a high risk of mortality and a poor prognosis.We studied the relationship between prognosis and emphysematous change on CT during AECOPD.