俄、日争夺千岛群岛与库页岛始于18世纪初,1854年签订的《日俄友好条约》规定,日本与俄国之边界应在择捉岛和得抚岛之间。1875年日俄签订《库页岛千岛交换条约》规定,库页岛属俄国,千岛群岛属日本。1904—1905年日俄战争后,日本夺占了库页岛南部。1945年8月,苏联对日作战,迅速占有了千岛群岛和库页岛南部。 The Russo-Japanese struggle between the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island began in the early 18th century. The “Japan-Russia Treaty of Friendship” signed in 1854 stipulated that the border between Japan and Russia should be between the Euthyma and the Tsushima island. Japan and Russia signed the Sakhalin Treaty of Kuril Exchange in 1875, stipulating that Sakhalin belongs to Russia and that the Kuril Islands belong to Japan. After the Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905, Japan seized southern Sakhalin. In August 1945, the Soviet Union fought against Japan and rapidly took possession of the Kuril Islands and southern Sakhalin.