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Neurological complications associated with HIV-1 are being recognized as a common commonly disorder in AIDS patients,especially patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD).However,our knowledge of the complicated pathogenesis andclinical symptoms of HAD is limited by an incomplete understanding of the biology of HIV-1 in the nervous system.Therefore,this review focuses on the pathogenesis of HAD in the context of novel highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT) regimens.HIV-D).It developed with the infiltration of HIV-1 into the nervous system.Research of HIV-D is necessary to understand the impact and the biology of HIV-1 in the nervous system for its complicated pathogenesis and clinical symptom.Future studies might focus on identify new technology platforms to develop antiretroviral drugs.