Aerially applied trivalent rare earth elements(REEs)initiate their own endocytosis in leaf cells and affect the growth of the whole plant,but the mechanisms behind the systemic action remain unclear [
With the development of nanotechnology,engineered nanoparticles are widely applied in various of consumer products,such as food additives,cosmetics,disinfectants,textile,paints,and coating materials e
With the wide application of rare earth elements(REEs)in industrial,agricultural and emerging industries,the exposure of REEs in the environment and the resulting environmental safety risks increase.