Causes for the collapse of the Ming Dynasty have remained divergent,and quantitative studies from a perspective of historical geography are needed.Based on the historical records of natural disasters(flood,drought and locust)and human wars(internal rebellions,inter-ethnic conflicts and external wars)of the final 35 years in the late Ming Dynasty(1610-1644 AD)obtained using different spatial scales,a set of grading systems were established to classify and grade the above historical records.Accordingly,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of disasters and wars in the late Ming Dynasty were revealed.From natural and human perspectives to quantitative analyses of the direct causes of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty,the author draws conclusion regarding a total of six immediate factors,which were,according to the rate of contribution from high to low,internal rebellions,drought,inter-ethnic conflicts,locust,flood and external wars.Among these causes,human factors accounted for approximately 47%,while natural factors accounted for approximately 53%,particularly among natural disasters,drought and locusts constituted the majority.Attribution analysis indicated that the basin areas in east China were sensitive to climate change during the Ming Dynasty.Climate cooling in the late Ming Dynasty led to frequent disasters,a sharp decrease in resources and environmental degradation,which directly resulted in grain shortage,soaring rice prices and famine and simultaneously triggered turbulence and fiscal crashes indirectly.The optional choice was the structural transformation of human society.In a word,severe drought and locusts in a cooling environment were the main natural causes,while frequent internal rebellions and inter-ethnic conflicts influenced by financial crisis were the major human factors.Although natural factors accounted for a greater percentage than human factors in the rate of contribution to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty,they were the only external factors impacting social development and changes.Finally,this paper establishes an analytic framework of dynastic transition based on DPSIR(Driving,Pressure,State,Impact and Responses).