Nowadays Oilseed Brassica crops still play a key role in oil production worldwide.This is mainly due to the impact of breeding efforts devoted to significant traits of agronomical and economical interest since the 60s.Breeders mainly focused and succeeded at first in improving seed quality,eg.low erucic acid content in oil and low glucosinolate content in meal,creating double low varieties,mainly in North America,Europe and Australia and then in China.In these areas,Brassica napus varieties were significantly improved for blackleg resistance,herbicide tolerance,oil content and at a rather small scale for HOLLI fatty-acid profile,moving rapidly from line/population varieties to F1 hybrids.