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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to elucidate molecular evidence of Tenacissoside H (TDH) inhibiting esophageal carcinoma infiltration and proliferation.METHODS: EC9706 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in right forelimbs of nude mice.Mice in negative model group were treated with saline solution.Mice in positive control group were treated with 5FU.Mice in medicinal groups were treated with TDH.All mice took administration for 3 weeks and were observed for another 3 weeks continuously.All mice were killed for isolation of tumor tissue, inhibition ratio of tumor volume and weight measured.PCNA expression was examined with immunohistochemistry.Protein expression in PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway was determined through western blotting assay.RESULTS: TDH inhibits tumor growth greatly, relative tumor Volume being (7.46±2.67), showing significantly difference from negative model group (P<0.05).TDH induced tumor tissues necrosis.Positive rate of PCNA expression aslo decreased significantly, showing statistical difference with the negative model group (P<0.05).In western blotting assay, TDH strongly down-regulated EGFR, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt and NF-κB expression, showing statistical differences (P<0.05) from those in negative model group.CONCLUSION: TDH inhibited esophageal carcinoma infiltration and proliferation in vivo.Concrete mechanism related to inhibition on PCNA of transplanted tumors in nude mice and regulation on PI3K/Akt-NF-κB transduction cascade.