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建成于中国宋代的大型天文仪器水运仪象台,堪称中国古代科学技术成就的代表作。这台仪器无论从规模还是精密程度,都达到了令人叹为观止的水平。其机械结构包括动力系统、传动系统、执行系统和辅助控制系统等,兼具天文观测、天象演示和报时机构的功能,代表了中国古代机械综合设计的最高成就。本文根据历史文献的记载,对水运仪象台复杂的机械结构进行了初步分析,特别地,对留下历史记载的两种不同类型的传动系统的优劣性进行了比较分析。
The large astronomical instrument built in the Song Dynasty in China, such as the Observatory, is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese science and technology achievements. This instrument has reached astonishing level both in size and in sophistication. Its mechanical structure includes power system, transmission system, execution system and auxiliary control system, etc. It combines the function of astronomical observation, astronomical demonstration and striking mechanism, and represents the highest achievements of ancient Chinese mechanical design. Based on the historical records, this paper carries out a preliminary analysis on the complicated mechanical structure of the platform of the water transporter. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of the two different types of transmission systems that have been documented in history are comparatively analyzed.