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Schistosomes infect 200 million people worldwide and survive in the veins of the final host, but thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) is a unique enzyme which helps the parasites to live in the aerobic environment.In the present study, two small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting SjTGR were synthesized and used to silence the gene.The effects of the siRNA were evaluated in vitro and in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum in vivo.In addition, the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) of SjTGR was used to further analyze effect of the siRNA.The results showed that at a final concentration of 200 nM, S2 siRNA induced partial inhibition of the expression of SjTGR both in the transcript and protein level in vitro.In vivo, S2 siRNA also induced partial worm reduction in the schistosome infected mice.The TrxR-activity of the S2 siRNA group was much lower than that of the other groups, however in vitro or in vivo.Our preliminary experiment suggested that SjTGR might play an important role in the development of S.japonicum.