Bursting is one of the most important firing activities of neuronal systems.Bursting oscilla-tions observed in electrical activities of nerve membranes give rise to different patterns of time rhyth--ms and oscillating modes, which are essential in the information processes of nerve systems.Recently, experimental results have shown that some aspect of the rhythmic bursting rhythm persists under manipulation of burst-supporting pacemaker currents in the pre-B(o)tzinger complex, which may play a pacemaking role in the inspiratory phase of the respiratory rhythm and in gasping.