Background and Aim: Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)has been developed to allow en bloc resection of early neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract,incl
Cholangiocytes are the targets of cholangiopathies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) that are identified by dysregulation of cholangiocyte prolife
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized countries with limited therapeutic options.
Background and Aim: Recently,the usesfulness of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection(ESTD)in the management of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors(S
Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15, human homologue, FGF19) is one of the endocrine FGFs that are critical in suppressing bile acid synthesis and promoting prot
Many metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenases (ALDHs, ADHs) are important in the regulation of the concentratio
Central and sympathetic nervous systems govern functional activities of many organs.Solid tumors like organs are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers.Neur