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塔是寺院建筑的一个组成部分,它的形式最早源自古印度的“率堵波”。这个名称是梵文stupa和巴利文Thupo的音译,它最初是用于祭放佛祖舍利的建筑。塔传到中国后,在使用功能、外部形式与内部结构上不断融合中国建筑的特点,有了很大的变化。从形式上塔可分为单层塔、楼阁式塔、亭阁式塔、花塔、密檐式塔、覆钵式塔、金刚宝座式等。各个时代的塔都有其不同的风格:唐代塔俊逸简约,辽金塔挺拔华美,元代塔威严凝重,明清塔多姿多彩。它们分布在祖国各地的山水之间,也点缀北京城乡的山巅水畔。
Tower is an integral part of the temple building, its form originated in ancient India’s “rate of plugging.” This name is the transliteration of Sanskrit stupa and Pali Thupo, which was originally used for the worship of Buddha’s relics. After the spread of the tower to China, great changes have taken place in the characteristics of Chinese architecture in terms of the use of functions, external forms and internal structures. From the form of the tower can be divided into single-story tower, pavilion-style tower, pavilion tower, flower tower, Miyan tower, covered bowl tower, diamond throne and so on. Towers of all ages have their own different styles: the tower of T’uan-t’i in the Tang dynasty is simple, the tower of Liao-jin is tall and straight, the dignity of the Yuan dynasty and the tower of the Ming dynasty are colorful. They are distributed among the landscapes of the motherland and dotted the summits of urban and rural areas in Beijing.