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1 我国水资源状况及对治水方法的新要求随着我国经济总量和人口总量的增加,水资源已经迅速接近承载力的上限,平均每人拥有的水资源不到世界平均水平的1/4。在90年代末,华北地区水资源利用率已经大大超过了国际公认的40%的标准,如黄河为67%,淮河为59%,海河则超过90%。华北平原的许多地区地下水开采已超过150%。我国水资源严重不足是国民经济发展特别是农业持续发展的首要制约因素。
1 Status of Water Resources in Our Country and New Requirements for Water Management Methods With the increase of total economic output and population of our country, water resources have rapidly approached the upper limit of carrying capacity. The average water resource owned by each person is less than 1 / 4. In the late 1990s, the water use efficiency in North China has greatly exceeded the internationally recognized 40% standard, for example, the Yellow River is 67%, the Huaihe River is 59% and the Haihe River is over 90%. Groundwater extraction in many parts of the North China Plain has exceeded 150%. The serious shortage of water resources in our country is the primary constraint on the national economic development, especially the sustainable development of agriculture.