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纳米银(AgNPs)作为当前应用最广的金属纳米材料之一,可通过各种途径进入水土环境,对水生生物产生毒性,从而破坏水体生态环境.天然水体成分复杂,纳米银具有纳米材料特殊的理化性质,使得其在水体中的转化过程变得尤为复杂,因此理解纳米银在水环境中的转化与归趋,对于水质管理与生态环境保护极其重要.现代科技的发展为更好地研究纳米银在进入环境中后的溶解、聚凝等一系列转化过程提供了可能.本文概述了环境中纳米银的来源和环境风险,分析了pH、溶解氧、离子强度等环境因素及粒径、涂层等自身因素对其在水体环境中转化的影响,并归纳了对纳米银的粒径、电位及形貌等分析的主要技术手段.最后指出了当前研究中存在的主要不足,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.
As one of the most widely used metallic nanomaterials, nanosilver (AgNPs) can enter the soil and water environment through various means and cause toxicity to aquatic organisms, thus undermining the ecological environment of water bodies. The composition of natural water bodies is complex and the nanosilver has special nano-materials Physical and chemical properties, making its conversion process in the water becomes more complex, so to understand the transformation and trend of nano-silver in water environment, for the management of water quality and ecological environment protection is extremely important.Development of modern science and technology to better study the nano Silver in the environment after the dissolution, agglomeration and a series of conversion process may provide.This paper outlines the source of environmental silver nanoparticles and environmental risks, analysis of pH, dissolved oxygen, ionic strength and other environmental factors and particle size, coated Layer and other factors on their transformation in the water environment, and summarized the nano-silver particle size, potential and morphology analysis of the main technical means.Finally pointed out the main shortcomings in the current study, and the future The research direction is prospected.