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日本对于水资源的管理可谓“分工明确,各司其职”:国土交通省负责水资源管理、城市下水道及污水处理厂建设;环境省负责水土环境保护;农林水产省负责农业的灌溉与排水;经济产业省负责工业用水;厚生劳动省负责居民生活用水。国家级的大河由国土交通省直接负责管理,小河则由各地的都、道、府、县及其下辖的市、町、村管理。
Japan’s management of water resources can be described as “a clear division of labor, each doing their duty”: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is responsible for water resources management, urban sewers and sewage treatment plant construction; Ministry of Environment is responsible for water and soil conservation; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is responsible for agricultural irrigation and drainage; The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry is responsible for industrial water; the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is responsible for water for residential purposes. The major rivers in the country are directly managed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Small rivers are managed by cities, towns, prefectures and counties under their jurisdiction as well as cities, towns and villages under their jurisdiction.