这里所说的“实词”,主要是指名词、形容词和动词。文言文中,某词属于某一词类,一股是比较固定的,各类词在句中的职务也有一定的分工。例如,名词经常用作主语、宾语、定语,动词经常用作谓语,形容词经常用作定语,状语、谓语等等。但也有某些词可以按照一定的语言习惯灵活运用。如王安石的《泊船瓜州》:“春风又绿江南岸”。“绿”字在古今汉语中一般都用作形容词,但在这里却用如使动词。象这种由这一类词用如另一类词的现象,语法上就叫做词类活用。实词活用与一个词属于几个不同词类的一词多类现象是不同的。一词多类的 The “real words” mentioned here mainly refer to nouns, adjectives, and verbs. In classical Chinese, a word belongs to a certain part of speech, and one word is relatively fixed. There is also a certain division of work among various words in the sentence. For example, nouns are often used as subjects, objects, attributives, verbs are often used as predicates, adjectives are often used as attributives, adverbials, predicates, and so on. However, there are certain words that can be flexibly used according to certain language habits. For example, Wang Anshi’s “Parking Boat Guazhou”: “The spring breeze is on the south bank of the Green River”. The word “green” is generally used as an adjective in ancient and modern Chinese, but it is used here to make verbs. A phenomenon such as this type of word being used as another type of word is grammatically called word use. The use of real words is different from the phenomenon in which a word belongs to several different parts of the word. Words of many types