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观察是一种经验活动的方法,是科学家认识问题的窗口,也是解决问题的重要手段。科学家通过观察,可以发现许多经验事实,为科学理论的发现提供感性的经验基础。人们历来认为科学始于观察,不带任何先人之见的观察是科学认识的逻辑起点。科学史的实际情况果真如此吗? 一、科学始于观察吗? 科学是人类有目的的一种对自然界的认识活动,这种目的性并不来源于观察,而是来源于问题。一旦科学家头脑中产生出对自然界的某个问题时,他就有一种强烈的探索的欲望,想要通过有目的的观察加以解决。反之,如果观察是没有目的的,那他观察到的只是事物表面的一些东西,因为他不知道要观察什么。
Observation is a way of experiential activity, a window for scientists to understand the problem, and an important means to solve the problem. Through observation, scientists can find many empirical facts and provide the empirical basis for the discovery of scientific theories. It has always been assumed that science begins with observation and observation without any prior knowledge is the logical starting point for scientific understanding. Is the reality of science history so true? First, science begins with observation? Science is a purposive human activity of understanding of nature, this purpose does not come from observation, but from the problem. Once a problem with nature arises in the scientist’s mind, he has a strong desire to explore and wants to solve it through purposive observation. If, on the other hand, observation has no purpose, what he observes is only the surface of the thing, because he does not know what to observe.