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在河北省东部唐山一带,以上茬冬小麦下茬夏玉米的种植结构创建吨粮田,已有不少成功的先例。生产实践表明,夏玉米采用生育期不足100天的早熟品种,成功率较低;生长期长的品种增产潜力虽大,但在该地区又不能正常成熟,同样存在着风险。采用育苗移栽的办法,就解决了这一矛盾。1991年我们在本县马城乡马城村以沈单7号品种示范了夏玉米育苗移栽24.5亩,平均亩产608.5公斤。其中有19.8亩达吨粮(与上茬小麦合计),成功率为80.8％。同年用唐抗1号夏播317.9亩,平均亩产525.5公斤,不仅单产相差83公斤,而且只有5.2亩达吨粮,成功率为1.6％。说明用生育期较长的玉米品种进行育苗移栽,在吨粮田建设中起到了关键作用。夏栽玉米增产的原因首先生育期延长了2025天,相应地积温增加500—600℃,从而可以生产和积累更多的光合物质。其次是移栽玉米株型矮健,根系发达。株高205厘米,穗位62厘米,比直播的降低26厘米和12厘米,不仅减少了养分消耗,而且增强了抗倒性能。夏栽玉米的具体技术如下: 1.选择育苗地。选浇水方便的地边地头做育苗地,其面积与本田的比例为1:25。并做成2米宽的畦,畦长依地块大小而定。
In the area of Tangshan in the east of Hebei Province, there have been many successful precedents for creating a ton of grain crop under the above cropping structure of summer maize under winter wheat. Production practice shows that the use of early maturing varieties of less than 100 days in summer maize has a low success rate; the yield potential of long-growing varieties is large, but it can not mature normally in this area, and there is also the same risk. The use of seedling transplanting approach to solve this contradiction. In 1991 we Ma County in Macheng Township to Shen No. 7 breeds demonstration of summer maize transplanting 24.5 acres, the average yield of 608.5 kilograms. Of these, 19.8 mu of up to a tonne of grain (together with previous crop of wheat) have a success rate of 80.8%. In the same year, Doncaster No. 1 was used to broadcast 317.9 mu of summer seasons, with an average yield of 525.5 kilograms. Not only the yield of 83 kilograms per hectare but only 5.2 mu was reached, the success rate was 1.6%. It shows that the transplanting of seedlings with maize varieties with longer growth period played a key role in the construction of ton grain fields. The reasons for the summer planting corn yield First, the growth period of the extension of 2025 days, the corresponding increase in temperature 500-600 ℃, which can produce and accumulate more photosynthetic material. Followed by transplanted corn plant type short, well-developed roots. Plant height of 205 cm, ears 62 cm, 26 cm lower than the live broadcast and 12 cm, not only reduces nutrient consumption, but also enhances the lodging resistance. Specific techniques for summer planting corn are as follows: 1. Select nursery. Select convenient watering ground to do nursery, the area of Honda ratio of 1:25. And made of 2 meters wide 畦, 畦 long according to the size of the plot.