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本文报导了我院内科4例住院患者胸、腹水染色体检查,发现恶性渗出液均有染色体异常,尤其是数目的变异,对临床诊断帮助很大,且方法简便,可当天得到结果。文中报导的1例典型病例,经染色体检查发现异常早于X线与病理检查。过去内科临床上对良性或恶性渗出液鉴别有困难时,只能对可疑病例反复查癌细胞,X线检查以及淋巴结活检等,近来由于方法不断改进,肿瘤细胞遗传学的研究取得了显著的进展,发现恶性渗出液多具有染色体异常。所报导4例中有肝硬化1例,结核性胸膜炎1例,均为正常男性核型,而2例癌性渗出液均为多倍体。对判断胸、腹水是由于恶性肿瘤引起还是非肿瘤引起,是确定如何治疗的关键,据李璞经验:良性胸、腹水在细胞分裂中期的染色体几乎100％都是二倍体,如分析5个以上核型有染色体异常即可做出正确诊断,凡出现非整倍体或标记染色体都可诊断为恶性渗出液,本法区别良性或恶性胸、腹水有重要临床价值,值得临床上广泛使用。
This article reports four cases of hospital in our hospital chest and ascitic fluid chromosome examination found that malignant exudate chromosomal abnormalities, especially the number of variations, the clinical diagnosis is very helpful, and the method is simple, the day can be the result. A typical case reported in the article, found by chromosome abnormalities earlier than the X-ray and pathological examination. In the past medical clinically on the differential diagnosis of benign or malignant exudate difficult, only repeatedly detect suspicious cases of cancer cells, X-ray examination and lymph node biopsy, recently as a result of continuous improvement, tumor cytogenetics has made significant Progress and found more malignant exudate with chromosomal abnormalities. Four cases were reported cirrhosis in 1 case, tuberculous pleurisy in 1 case, were normal male karyotype, and 2 cases of cancerous exudate are polyploid. To determine the chest, ascites is caused by a malignant tumor or non-tumor caused, is to determine the key to treatment, according to Li Pu’s experience: benign breast, ascites mid-cell chromosome almost 100% are diploid, such as the analysis of 5 The above karyotype chromosomal abnormalities can make the correct diagnosis, where aneuploidy or marker chromosomes can be diagnosed as malignant exudate, benign or malignant chest differentiated, ascites has important clinical value, it is widely used in clinical .