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湖泊对气候变化有着敏感的反应,是气候变化的镜子。本文以RS和GIS技术为基础,从20世纪70年代、90年代、2000年前后和2010年前后四期Landsat遥感影像中提取了我国内蒙古和新疆所有湖泊信息,建立了蒙新地区湖泊空间数据库。一方面,用ArcGIS软件对研究区湖泊信息进行了统计和空间分析,从时间和空间上分析了蒙新地区湖泊从20世纪70年代至2010年前后近40年湖泊的动态变化情况;另一方面,选取了蒙新地区面积大于5 km2的所有湖泊,逐个分析其在四个时期的变化情况,并根据变化结果进行分区。从20世纪70年代至90年代,内蒙古东南部和新疆西部的湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势,其余地区则在扩张;20世纪90年代至2000年前后,内蒙古东南部湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势,内蒙古北部和新疆全区湖泊呈现扩张的趋势;从2000年前后至2010年前后,内蒙古东北部和新疆西部的湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势,其余地区湖泊呈现扩张的趋势。在全球气候变暖的背景下,本文分析了蒙新地区40个气象台站的气温、降雨量和蒸发量数据,可知:近40年来,蒙新地区气温持续上升;2000年之前,内蒙古的降雨量呈增加的趋势,2000年之后骤减,而新疆大部分地区的降雨量呈增加的趋势;蒙新地区蒸发量整体呈现减少的趋势。湖泊的动态变化基本上与气候的变化趋势相吻合。最后,笔者以新疆博斯腾湖为例,分析了湖泊变化的影响因素:气候环境和人类活动。
Lakes are sensitive to climate change and are mirrors of climate change. Based on the RS and GIS technologies, this paper extracted all the lakes in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang from Landsat remote sensing images in the 1970s, 1990s, 2000 and before and after 2010, and established the lake spatial database in Mengxin area. On the one hand, ArcGIS software was used to make statistical and spatial analysis of the lake information in the study area, and to analyze the dynamic changes of lakes in the Mengxin area from the 1970s to the recent 40 years before and after 2010 in both time and space. On the other hand , Selected all the lakes larger than 5 km2 in Mengxin area and analyzed their changes in four periods one by one and divided them according to the change results. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the lakes in southeastern Inner Mongolia and western Xinjiang showed a tendency of shrinking while the rest were expanding. From the 1990s to 2000, the lakes in southeastern Inner Mongolia showed a shrinking trend. The northern Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Lakes in the region showed a tendency of expansion. From 2000 to 2010, the lakes in northeastern Inner Mongolia and western Xinjiang showed a tendency of shrinking while the rest of the lakes showed a tendency of expansion. In the context of global warming, this paper analyzes the temperature, rainfall and evaporation data of 40 meteorological stations in the Mengxin area. It can be seen that the temperature in Mengxin area has been rising continuously in the past 40 years. Before 2000, the rainfall in Inner Mongolia Showing an increasing trend, dropping sharply after 2000, while precipitation in most parts of Xinjiang showed an increasing trend. The overall evaporation in Mengxin showed a decreasing trend. The dynamic changes of lakes basically coincide with the changing trend of climate. Finally, taking Bosten Lake in Xinjiang as an example, the author analyzes the influencing factors of the change of lakes: climate environment and human activities.