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目的:了解不同性别冠心病(CAD)患者对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)相关症状的认知情况,为有效缩短AMI院前延误(PHD)提供依据。方法:于2015年10月至2016年3月在同济大学附属同济医院和上海市闸北区中心医院心内科门诊及病房,对确诊为CAD的受访者进行调查,收集受访者的一般资料,要求受访者区分胸痛、呼吸困难、出汗、恶心呕吐、晕厥是否为AMI相关症状。使用多元回归分析的方法,分析不同性别患者对上述症状的认知情况。结果:共680例CAD患者自愿接受调查,男性受访者对多数AMI相关症状的知晓率普遍高于女性。性别组间比较的多因素Logistic回归分析显示,相比较于女性,男性CAD患者对AMI相关症状出汗,恶心呕吐、晕厥认知度的OR值分别为1.41(1.04-2.41)、1.79(1.09-2.95)、1.96(1.42-2.72)。结论:不同性别患者对AMI相关症状认识水平存在差异,女性在出汗,恶心呕吐,晕厥不典型AMI相关症状认识程度较男性差。应加强对该人群的健康教育,以最大可能的缩短决策延误时间。
Objective: To understand the cognition of symptoms related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in different gender of patients with coronary heart disease (CAD) and to provide basis for shortening the pre-hospital delay (PHD) of AMI effectively. Methods: From October 2015 to March 2016, patients diagnosed with CAD were investigated in the outpatient department and ward of the department of cardiology of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University and Zhabei District Central Hospital in Shanghai from October 2015 to March 2016 to collect the general information of respondents, Respondents were asked to distinguish between chest pain, dyspnea, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and syncope whether AMI-related symptoms. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the cognition of the above symptoms in different gender. RESULTS: A total of 680 patients with CAD were voluntarily surveyed, and the prevalence of most AMI-related symptoms among male respondents was generally higher than that of women. Logistic regression analysis of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with women, the OR of the AMI-related symptoms of sweating, nausea and vomiting, and syncope cognition in male CAD patients were 1.41 (1.04-2.41) and 1.79 (1.09- 2.95), 1.96 (1.42-2.72). CONCLUSIONS: There is a difference in understanding of AMI-related symptoms among different sexes. Women are less aware of symptoms related to atypical AMI associated with sweating, nausea and vomiting than those with males. Health education should be strengthened for this population so as to shorten the decision-making delay time to the maximum extent possible.