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目的分析洪涝灾害对钩端螺旋体(钩体)病爆发性流行因素所产生的影响及规律。方法在安徽省沿江、沿淮易发生洪涝灾害地区设立监测点,通过不同时期对自然人群和宿主动物感染钩体情况的调查,在汛期前、洪涝灾害期间、灾后,对自然人群、宿主动物开展血清流行病学调查,采集主要宿主动物标本进行病原分离。结果沿江地区1998年洪涝灾害期间自然人群钩体感染率为13.49%,高于灾后的2.18%,差异有统计学意义(x2=22.78,P<0.01)。沿淮地区2003年洪涝灾区与非灾区自然人群钩体平均感染率分别为2.48%和5.35%。结论洪涝灾害能够对灾区钩体病的发生产生影响,是否会导致该病流行,主要取决于传染源带菌率高低、洪涝灾害的规模、洪水持续时间、洪涝灾害发生时间与钩体病流行季节是否一致、易感人群免疫水平等因素。但传染源带菌率的高低是确定钩体病流行或大流行的关键因素。
Objective To analyze the influence and regularity of flood disasters on the epidemic factors of leptospira (Leptospira). Methods The monitoring points were set up in the flood-prone areas along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province and prone to floods in the Huaihe River. Investigation on the infection of leptospirosis by natural and host animals at different periods was carried out before the flood season, during the flood and waterlogging, after the disaster, for natural populations and host animals Serological epidemiological survey, collecting the main host animal specimens for pathogen isolation. Results The prevalence of leptospira infection in natural population during the flooding in 1998 was 13.49% in the Yangtze River Basin, which was higher than 2.18% after the disaster. The difference was statistically significant (x2 = 22.78, P <0.01). In 2003, the average infection rates of hooks in natural populations in flood-affected and non-affected areas in the Huaihe River were 2.48% and 5.35%, respectively. Conclusions Flooding can affect the incidence of leptospirosis in disaster areas, and whether it will lead to the epidemic will depend on the infection rate, the scale of flooding, the duration of flooding, the time of flooding and the prevalence of leptospirosis Consistent, susceptible populations such as immune level and other factors. However, the level of infection rate of infection is to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis or pandemic key factors.