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目的探讨宫内发育迟缓大鼠早期追赶生长与生后胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法孕后期低蛋白限制饮食法建立宫内发育迟缓模型。分别于仔鼠生后21天、2月龄、4月龄,采用美国强生稳步型血糖仪快速测定血浆葡萄糖。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清胰岛素,计算胰岛素敏感指数和胰岛素抵抗指数。结果 1)低蛋白组新生仔鼠平均出生体重为(4.37±0.69)g,低于对照组的(7.03±0.55)g,差异有统计学意义(t=-20.75,P<0.05)。低蛋白组仔鼠中宫内发育迟缓(fetal growth retardation,IUGR)的发生率为93.33%(70/75)。2)生后2月龄始,低蛋白组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数均较对照组有所增加,胰岛素敏感性相对降低,直至4月龄,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3)生后2月龄,IUGR追赶生长组空腹血糖最高,三组间空腹血糖差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4)IUGR组生后7天生长速度最快,且与2月龄、4月龄胰岛素抵抗指数呈高度正相关,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宫内发育迟缓大鼠早期追赶生长越快,成年期越容易发生胰岛素抵抗。
Objective To investigate the relationship between early catch-up growth and postnatal insulin sensitivity in intrauterine growth retardation rats. Methods The intrauterine growth retardation model was established by low protein diet in late pregnancy. The plasma glucose was measured rapidly in the 21 days, 2 months and 4 months of age of the offspring, respectively, using American Johnson & Johnson steady glucose meter. Serum insulin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, insulin sensitivity index and insulin resistance index were calculated. Results (1) The average birth weight of hypoproteinemic newborn offspring was (4.37 ± 0.69) g, which was lower than that of the control group (7.03 ± 0.55) g, the difference was statistically significant (t = -20.75, P <0.05). The incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in hypoproteinemic rats was 93.33% (70/75). 2) After 2 months of life, the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index of low protein group increased compared with the control group at the beginning of 2 months of age, and the insulin sensitivity decreased relatively. Up to 4 months old, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) . 3) After 2 months of life, fasting blood glucose was the highest in IUGR catch-up growth group, and there was significant difference in fasting blood glucose between the three groups (P <0.05). 4) The IUGR group had the fastest growth 7 days after birth and was positively correlated with the 2-month and 4-month insulin resistance index (P <0.05). Conclusion Intrauterine growth retardation rats catch up faster, the more prone to insulin resistance during adulthood.