Stanley Saitowitz|Natoma Architects建筑师城市化(与社会—政治有关)老张在公寓里住了十年。到现在还不知道他的邻居是男、是女、还是狗。中国城市化、现代化的进程体现了中国社会意识形态从集体主义向个人主义的转变,以及二者矛盾的加深。随着人口和经济的快速膨胀,政府强制规范用地类型、楼房间距、朝向和密度,成为千篇一律的城市景观,公共和私有空间分离的重要原因之一。类似“低密度、高容积率”的开发方针实际上促成了墓碑式的高层郊区和稀松的城市肌理。楼层的纵向堆叠和公共空间的尺度扩张失衡,导致人与人之间实体交流的机会越来越少。与此同时,所谓的公共场所被制度化,如大剧院、体育馆等。在作为国家机器的同时,这些大型设施以资本运营为目的,有悖于社会主义集体福利的许诺。在这样的城市环境中,人们自恋、共享孤独。理查德·桑内特在《公共人的衰落》一书中警示我们:公共生活是除去家人朋友全以圈对个体来说至关重要的一部分。能与陌生人有感情地接触,且能保持一定距离是被看作人类作为一个社会人,文明人的标准。而如今我们惧怕与陌生人接触。在不断拓宽的公空空间和街道上,沉没和观瞻似乎成了我们体验公共生活的唯一方式。我们 Stanley Saitowitz | Natoma Architects Architect Urbanization (Social-Politics) Old Zhang lived in an apartment for ten years. Up to now, I do not know whether his neighbor is male, female or dog. The process of urbanization and modernization in China embodies the shift of social ideology in China from collectivism to individualism and the deepening of the contradictions between the two. With the rapid population and economic expansion, the government has forced the standardization of land use types, building spacing, orientation and density to become stereotyped urban landscapes, one of the important reasons for the separation of public and private spaces. Similar to the “low density, high volume rate” development guidelines actually contributed to the tombstone-style high-rise suburbs and urban texture. The vertical stacking of floors and the scaling of public spaces are out of balance, resulting in fewer and fewer opportunities for physical exchanges between people. At the same time, the so-called public places are institutionalized, such as the Grand Theater, gymnasium and so on. At the same time as a state machine, these large-scale facilities operate for capital purposes, contrary to the promise of socialist collective welfare. In such an urban environment, people are narcissistic and share loneliness. Richard Sannett warned us in The Fading Communion: Public life is a vital part of an individual’s removal of family and friends. Being able to contact with strangers affectively and keep a certain distance is regarded as the standard of mankind as a social person and a civilized person. And now we are afraid to touch strangers. In the constantly expanding public spaces and streets, it seems that the only way we can experience public life is to sink and see. we