【摘 要】
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Plant cells have relatively high turgor pressure driving cell expan-sion,which is restricted by the cell wall.How plant cells grow in an intrinsically controlled manner is an intriguing question,and the phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid,IAA) plays
【机 构】
：
MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics,Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics,Hefei National Scie
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Plant cells have relatively high turgor pressure driving cell expan-sion,which is restricted by the cell wall.How plant cells grow in an intrinsically controlled manner is an intriguing question,and the phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid,IAA) plays a vital reg-ulatory role.The auxin-mediated acid growth theory was pro-posed decades ago,whereas the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated.Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases,also called Arabidopsis AUTOINHIBITED H+ ATPASEs (AHAs),are proton pumps majorly responsible for regulating cell growth in plants.Based on our current understandings of the acid growth theory,auxin stimulates AHA proteins and thus promotes proton(H+) efflux,which thereby acidifies the apoplast to activate cell wall-modifying enzymes,such as expansins,eventually softening the cell wall to accommodate cell expansion (Duet al.,2020).Activated AHA proteins also cause PM hyperpolarization,enabling solute and water uptake to increase turgor pressure driving cell expansion (Duet al.,2020).Hence,how auxin activates PM H+-ATPases is central to the acid growth theory.However,that was until now not fully understood.
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