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一、挡土墙的冻害在水利工程中,为了满足水流衔接和平面布置需要,进出口和两岸的连接翼墙都广泛采用挡土墙结构。挡土墙的工程量常占整个工程量的60%左右。但是,修建于季节性冻土区的挡土墙,不仅要承受正常土压力,在冬季还要承受由于土的冻胀所产生的水平冻胀力、冻拔力和基底法向冻胀力。其中,水平冻胀力对挡土墙的破坏作用最大。大量试验资料表明,水平冻胀力值要比正常土压力值大几倍。所以,按正常土压力设计的挡土墙一般经过短短几年的冻融交替作用就会发生破环,其主要破坏形式有以下三种。
First, the frozen damage of retaining walls In water conservancy projects, in order to meet the needs of water convergence and layout, import and export and the two sides of the connecting wall are widely used retaining wall structure. Retaining wall engineering often accounts for about 60% of the entire project volume. However, retaining walls built in seasonal permafrost regions should not only withstand normal earth pressure, but also bear horizontal frost heaving force, freezing force and normal frost heaving force in winter due to soil frost heaving. Among them, the horizontal frost heave force has the greatest damage to the retaining wall. A large number of experimental data show that the level of frost heaving force value is several times larger than the normal earth pressure. Therefore, the retaining wall designed according to normal earth pressure generally breaks through after the effects of freeze-thaw alternation in just a few years, and the main failure modes are the following three types.