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在严格控制光照(350μmol photons m ~2s~1)和空气相对湿度(75％)的人工气候室内,模拟青海高原昼夜温差较大的环境条件(25℃/10℃,昼/夜),以无昼夜温差的环境条件(25℃/25℃,昼/夜)为对照,对不同环境条件下选育的青海高原338和上海沪麦5号小麦品种的生长发育及经济性状的形成进行了比较研究。结果表明,15℃昼夜温差处理较对照条件下生长的小麦表现较好,总叶面积增加,生育期和叶片寿命延长,植株总干重和每穗粒数及千粒重均显著高于无昼夜温差条件下生长的小麦。因此,较大的昼夜温差环境条件是青海高原小麦易于高产的重要原因。 从品种看,青海的高原338在15℃昼夜温差处理下生长表现显著优于上海的沪麦5号。而在无昼夜温差条件下,两个品种的生长情况正好相反。由此可以看出,培育适合当地昼夜温差环境因素的品种也是小麦获得高产的主要因素。
The ambient temperature (25 ℃ / 10 ℃, day / night) with large temperature difference between day and night in Qinghai Plateau was simulated in a controlled climate chamber (350μmol photons m ~ 2s ~ 1) and air relative humidity Day-night temperature difference (25 ℃ / 25 ℃, day / night) as a control, the growth and development of economic traits and the formation of economic traits of wheat varieties Qinghai Plateau 338 and Shanghai Himai 5 under different environmental conditions were compared . The results showed that the temperature difference between day and night at 15 ℃ was better than that under the control, the total leaf area increased, the growth period and the longevity of the leaves were prolonged, the total dry weight, grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight were significantly higher than those without day-night temperature difference Growing wheat. Therefore, the larger temperature difference between day and night environmental conditions is an important reason for the high yield of wheat in Qinghai Plateau. In terms of variety, the plateau 338 in Qinghai developed significantly better than the Shanghai-Shanghai No. 5 wheat at 15 ℃ under the temperature difference between day and night. In the absence of temperature difference between day and night conditions, the growth of the two species is exactly the opposite. It can be seen from this that cultivating varieties suitable for local environmental factors of day-night temperature and temperature is also a major factor for achieving high yield of wheat.