In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, recurrent cardiovascular events still remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality, despite significant improvements in antithrombotic therapy. We sought to review data regarding coronary thrombus analysis provided by studies using manual aspiration thrombectomy(AT), andto discuss how insights from this line of investigation could further improve management of acute coronary disease. Several studies investigated the fresh specimens retrieved by AT using techniques such as traditional morphological evaluation, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and immunohistochemistry. These approaches have provided a better understanding of the composition and dynamics of the human coronary thrombosis process, as well as its relationship with some clinical outcomes. Recent data signaling to new antithrombotic therapeutic targets are still emerging. In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, recurrent cardiovascular events still remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality, despite significant improvements in antithrombotic therapy. We sought to review data regarding coronary thrombus analysis provided by studies using manual aspiration thrombectomy (AT), andto discussarches insights from this line of investigation could further improve management of acute coronary disease. Several studies investigated the fresh specimens retrieved by AT using techniques such as traditional morphological evaluation, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and immunohistochemistry have provided a better understanding of the composition and dynamics of the human coronary thrombosis process, as well as its relationship with some clinical outcomes. Recent data signaling to new antithrombotic therapeutic targets are still emerging.