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目的了解河北省农村5岁以下儿童预防接种状况,寻找影响因素,为制定免疫策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在河北省8个农村县的4 800户家庭中,按照留守与非留守分组调查5岁以下儿童监护状态及卡介苗、百白破、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、乙肝5种疫苗的接种率及其监护人对接种服务的满意度,接种凭证以卡、证记录为准。结果调查农村居民4 800户,5岁以下儿童1 022名,其中留守儿童270名,占26.42%。两类儿童平均年龄分别为2.67、2.62岁,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。留守儿童监护人以母亲为主为68.15%、其次为祖父母为27.41%。卡介苗、百白破、脊灰、麻疹、乙肝疫苗的全程接种率分别为98.53%、95.01%、96.19%、88.26%、98.04%。两类儿童含麻疹成分疫苗2针接种率均最低,分别为87.78%、88.43%;卡介苗接种率均最高,分别为97.78%、98.80%。两类儿童比较卡介苗、百白破、麻疹成分疫苗接种率差异显著,脊灰、乙肝无显著差异。所有调查儿童五苗全程接种率为61.15%,留守儿童为45.56%,非留守儿童为66.76%(P<0.01)。监护人类型影响了五种疫苗全程接种率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。留守儿童监护人对预防接种服务满意度为85.56%,非留守为89.10%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论河北省农村5岁以下儿童,特别是留守儿童五苗全程接种率低,留守儿童监护人对接种服务的满意度较低,需综合分析影响因素,制定有效措施提高各种疫苗的全程接种率。
Objective To understand the vaccination status of children under 5 years of age in rural areas of Hebei Province, find the influencing factors and provide a scientific basis for the development of immunization strategies. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the status of guardianship among children under 5 years old and BCG, DADI and poliomyelitis in 4 800 households in 8 rural counties of Hebei Province according to left-behind and non-left-behind groups. , Measles, hepatitis B vaccination rate of five vaccines and their guardians of vaccination services satisfaction, vaccination certificates to card, card records shall prevail. Results 4 800 rural residents, 1,022 children under 5 years of age were investigated, of which 270 were left-behind children, accounting for 26.42%. The average age of the two types of children were 2.67,2.62 years old, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The number of left-behind children guardians was 68.15% with mothers, followed by 27.41% with grandparents. BCG vaccination, diphtheria broken, polio, measles, hepatitis B vaccination throughout the vaccination rates were 98.53%, 95.01%, 96.19%, 88.26%, 98.04%. The vaccination coverage of the two vaccines with measles vaccine was the lowest, 87.78% and 88.43% respectively; the highest BCG vaccination rates were 97.78% and 98.80% respectively. Two types of children compared with BCG, diphtheria, measles vaccination rates were significantly different, polio, hepatitis B no significant difference. All children surveyed five seedlings throughout the vaccination rate was 61.15%, 45.56% for left-behind children, non-left-behind children was 66.76% (P <0.01). The type of guardian affected the whole vaccination rate of five vaccines, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The guardians of left-behind children were 85.56% for vaccination services and 89.10% for non-staying guardians. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The vaccination rate of children under 5 years of age, especially left-behind children, is low in rural Hebei Province. The guardians of left-behind children are not satisfied with vaccination services. Comprehensive analysis of influencing factors and effective measures should be taken to improve the vaccination coverage rate of various vaccines.