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本设计采用适用于工业控制的8031单片机组成控制系统,系统的前向通道采用了成本低、体积小、线性电流传感器,为提高精度,传感器设计了T型滤波器以增加抗干扰能力,单片机应用采用PID算法的控制方式控制双向可控硅的导通、关断,调整功率,使之切断或接通加热器,从而控制水温稳定在预设定值上。系统后向通道采用干扰小、器件运行可靠的过零触发方式,省去了传统的D/A接口电路,简化了硬件设备。在软件设计中,为提高精度我们采用了数字滤波方案以减少干扰信号的比重。根据温控的单回路PID数字调节器的硬件设计,完成实时测量(传感采样)、实时决策(PID控制运算)和实时控制(调功)三部分功能,为防止超调量过大,对PID算法进行了适当改进。根据其功能要求分别置于主程序和中断服务程序中,数码显示电路采用专用处理芯片进行动态扫描,能够同时显示当前温度和预置温度。
The design uses 8031 for industrial control single-chip microcomputer control system, the system forward channel using a low cost, small size, linear current sensor, in order to improve accuracy, the sensor designed T-type filter to increase anti-interference ability, microcontroller applications Control method using PID algorithm to control the bidirectional thyristor on, off, adjust the power, so that cut off or connected to the heater, so as to control the water temperature stable at the preset value. The backward channel of the system uses the zero crossing triggering method with small interference and reliable operation of the device, eliminating the traditional D / A interface circuit and simplifying the hardware equipment. In software design, we used a digital filtering scheme to reduce the interference signal to improve accuracy. According to the hardware design of single-loop PID digital controller with temperature control, three functions of real-time measurement (sensing sampling), real-time decision (PID control operation) and real-time control PID algorithm has been properly improved. According to its functional requirements were placed in the main program and interrupt service routine, the digital display circuit using a dedicated processing chip for dynamic scanning, can display the current temperature and preset temperature.