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目的:对小型猪下颌骨升支部植入自行设计的钛板,通过机械力限制下颌骨生长,建立一种无髁状突直接损伤或破坏的发育性偏颌畸形的动物模型,为研究发育性偏颌畸形提供一种可靠的动物建模方法。方法:4月龄贵州小型猪(8只)单侧下颌骨升支后缘植入并螺钉固定末端卷曲的T形钛板,对侧假手术作为对照。术后24周处死动物,进行下颌骨大体形态观察、咬合关系观察下颌骨组织学检查。结果:大体观察显示小型猪下颌骨发生向植入侧的偏斜,牙列发生代偿性倾斜。组织学检查显示,植入侧后缘成骨活性低,骨质致密,未见明显成骨活动。对照侧成骨活跃,骨小梁结构疏松,有明显的成骨活动存在。结论:通过植入钛板影响下颌骨生长发育的方法,能够有效建立小型猪发育性偏颌畸形的动物模型。可能主要是机械力的作用直接导致骨骼大小与形态的改变;肌力等局部环境改变的变化、手术所造成的创伤与瘢痕也可能参与了这一过程。该方法成功率较高,为发育性偏颌畸形的发生、发展以及对骨性偏颌畸形的治疗策略的研究提供了一种可靠而有效的建立动物模型方法。
OBJECTIVE: To implant a self-designed titanium plate on the mandibular ascending branch of miniature swine and to establish a kind of animal model of developmental orthognathic malformation without direct condylar process by restraining the growth of the mandible by mechanical force. Mandibular deformity provides a reliable method of animal modeling. Methods: 4-month-old Guizhou miniature pigs (n = 8) were implanted with screws on the posterior margin of the ascending mandibular branch of mandible. The animals were sacrificed 24 weeks after operation, and the gross morphology of the mandible was observed. The occlusal relationship was observed for the mandibular histology. Results: Gross observation showed that skeletal mandibular migration occurred on the implant side and compensatory tilt of dentition occurred. Histological examination showed that the posterior edge of the implantation side osteogenic activity is low, dense bone, no significant osteogenic activity. Control side of active osteoporosis, loose trabecular structure, there is a clear osteogenic activity. Conclusion: The method of implanting titanium plate to affect the growth and development of the mandible can effectively establish the animal model of the development of mini-pigs’ May mainly be the role of mechanical force directly lead to changes in bone size and shape; muscle strength and other local changes in the environment, surgery caused by trauma and scar may also be involved in this process. The success rate of the method is high, which provides a reliable and effective method to establish the animal model for the occurrence and development of developmental orthopedic deformity and the research on the treatment strategy of skeletal maxillary deformity.