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反滤料的级配设计是土石坝设计的核心问题之一。反滤料设计除了要满足规范中滤土、排水、保护被保护土裂后自愈的要求外,还应能适应较大剪切变形,起到变形过渡的作用。将土料分为“骨架粗料”和“填充细料”两部分,并用此模糊概念,将《碾压式土石坝设计规范》的反滤料设计观念具体化:①探讨了含有大于5 mm颗粒的防渗混合土的宏观概念,指出其细粒组含量η0.075与大于5 mm颗粒的含量P5是一对“因土而异”的特征值,可沿用美国垦务局的反滤准则中对被保护基土的四个分类及各类的反滤关系,但得到的反滤料的D15应视为反滤料“填充细料”的D15;②从刘杰对渗透变形的分类研究中,可引伸出反滤料的“骨架粗料”和“填充细料”的分界粒径df和“填充细料”的临界含量ηf,并将反滤料的设计依据归结为九项条件;③通过实例,详细地解说了反滤料的实用设计方法。
The design of the filter material gradation is one of the core problems of earth dam design. In addition to the filter design to meet the standard filter soil, drainage, protection of soil protection is required to heal after the crack, it should also be able to adapt to large shear deformation, played the role of deformation transition. The soil material is divided into two parts, “skeleton coarse material” and “filler fine material”, and using this vague concept to embody the concept of filter material design in the Code for Design of Roller Compacted Earthfill Dam: (1) The macroscopic concept of seepage-proof mixed soil containing particles larger than 5 mm indicates that the content of fine-particle group η0.075 and the content of particles larger than 5 mm are characteristic values of pair “different from soil” The filtering guidelines of the Bureau consider the four categories and all kinds of filtering relationships of the protected base soil, but the obtained D15 of the filter material should be regarded as D15 of the filter material “Filling Fines ” Liu Jie In the study of classification of infiltration deformation, the critical particle size ηf of the “grain size” and “fineness” of the " And the basis of the design of the filter material attributed to nine conditions; ③ through examples, a detailed explanation of the practical design of the filter material.